Table 1.6 Nobel prizes awarded in bioelectromagnetism and closely related subject areas
Year | Name of recipient | Nationality | Subject of research |
1901 | Jacobus van't Hoff *) | The Netherlands | laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure |
1903 | Svante Arrhenius *) | Sweden | theory of electrolytic dissociation |
1906 | Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Italy Spain | work on the structure of nervous system |
1920 | Walther Nernst *) | Germany | work in thermochemistry |
1924 | Willem Einthoven | The Netherlands | discovery of electro- cardiogram mechanism |
1932 | Edgar Douglas Adrian Sir Charles Sherrington | Britain Britain | discoveries regarding function of neurons |
1936 | Sir Henry Hallet Dale Otto Loewi | Britain Germany | work on chemical trans- mission of nerve impulses |
1944 | Joseph Erlanger Herbert Spencer Gasser | U.S. U.S. | researches on differentiated functions of nerve fibers |
1949 | Walter Rudolf Hess | Switzerland | discovery of function of middle brain |
1961 | Georg von Békésy | U.S. | discoveries of the physical mechanism of the inner ear |
1963 | Sir John Eccles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Fielding Huxley | Australia Britain Britain | study of the transmission of nerve impulses along a nerve fibre |
1967 | Ragnar Arthur Granit Haldan Keffer Hartline George Wald | Finland U.S. U.S. | discoveries about chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye |
1968 | Lars Onsager *) | U.S. | work on theory of thermo- dynamics of irreversible processes |
1970 | Julius Axelrod Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler | U.S. Britain Sweden | discoveries concerning the chemistry of nerve transmission |
1981 | David Hunter Hubel Torsten Nils Wiesel | U.S. Sweden | discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system |
1991 | Erwin Neher Bert Sakmann | Germany Germany | discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells |
1997 | Paul D. Boyer John E. Walker Jens C. Skou *) | U.S. U.K. Denmark | the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of ATP; discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase |
2003 | Peter Agre Roderick MacKinnon *) | U.S. U.S. | discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes |